Iran is experiencing significant economic strain following the reimposition of UN sanctions through the 2015 nuclear deal’s snapback mechanism. European powers, including France, Germany, and the UK, spearheaded this move after failed negotiations with Tehran. The sanctions have driven inflation above 40 percent and weakened the Iranian rial, leading to growing public discontent. Simultaneously, internal political factions are intensifying their competition for influence.
In response to the external pressure, Iran’s leadership, under Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, maintains a defiant posture, rejecting what it terms ‘impositions’ by the United States. Military commanders have publicly declared their preparedness and capacity to withstand and retaliate against military actions, citing resilience after recent conflicts. The government is also leveraging nationalist sentiment, decorating cities with symbols of ancient Persian heroism and military achievements, including a prominent statue of the legendary hero Rostam.
Economically, Iran is contending with a depreciating currency and disputes with key allies like China and Russia over the validity of sanctions. Restrictions on internet access persist, with President Masoud Pezeshkian citing ongoing security threats as the reason for these limitations. Citizens are also struggling with an energy crisis, although the government has denied rumors of impending fuel price hikes. To counter international financial isolation, Iran has joined a UN convention against terrorism financing, a move opposed by hardliners who fear it infringes on national sovereignty.
The internal political landscape is marked by notable figures whose actions and controversies capture public attention. Ali Shamkhani, a key advisor, remains influential despite sanctions on his business dealings. Former President Hassan Rouhani is facing backlash for the perceived failures of the nuclear deal and the current economic downturn. A leaked video of Shamkhani’s daughter, seemingly not adhering to hijab rules, has ignited a debate about official hypocrisy, with authorities blaming external actors for trying to destabilize the nation. Rouhani is also being scrutinized for past decisions. The nation’s financial disputes extend internationally, with UK courts affirming the seizure of Iran’s oil company headquarters in London. Rouhani has also subtly criticized restrictive laws online. Statements from senior military officials, including comparisons of death scenarios, have stirred public debate and drawn strong reactions from affected families.