According to a study published in the medical journal Lancet, fertility rates are declining worldwide and this means that by the end of this century there will be a decrease in population in almost all countries. This Lancet report also mentions its impact on society.
Here we will learn about seven countries, which are facing the problem of dramatic changes in the population and what steps are being taken to deal with it.
Japan
According to the report published in Lancet, by the end of this century, Japan’s population will be halved. According to the 2017 census, Japan had a population of 128 million, but by the end of this century it is estimated to be reduced to 50 million.
Japan is the oldest country in the world in terms of population and the rate of people over 100 years of age is also highest in Japan.
Due to this, the number of people having the capacity to work in Japan is continuously decreasing and the situation is expected to get worse.null And also read
According to official estimates, by 2040, the population of the elderly in Japan will be more than 35 percent. The fertility rate in Japan is only 1.4%, which means that on average, a woman gives birth to 1.4 children in Japan. This means that the number of workable people is constantly decreasing.
In order to maintain its current population in any country, it is necessary that the fertility rate of that country is not less than 2.1.
Italy
It has also been estimated about Italy that by 2100 there will be half the population. In 2017, Italy had a population of 60 million, which according to the Lancet report will reduce to 28 million by the end of the current century.
Like Japan, Italy has a large number of elderly people. According to 2019 World Bank statistics, 23 percent of the population in Italy is over 65 years of age.
In 2015, the Italian government started a scheme to increase the fertility rate, under which every couple is given 725 pounds i.e. about 69 thousand rupees from the government on having a child.
Despite this, Italy’s fertility rate is the lowest in the entire European Union.
Another problem in Italy is migration. According to government statistics, in the year 2018, one lakh 57 thousand people left Italy and went to another country.
Many cities in Italy have started their own plans to increase the local population and improve their economy.
People are given houses on behalf of the government for only one euro and are also given separate money to live there if they want to start a business there.
China
China started a child scheme in 1979. In view of the increasing population and its impact on the economy, China started the scheme of ‘One Child’.
But today, this country with the most population in the world is struggling with the extreme decrease in birth rate.
According to Lancet’s report, in the next four years, China’s population will be one billion 40 crore, but by the end of the century, China’s population will be reduced to about 73 crore.
According to government statistics, in the year 2019, it was seen that China’s birth rate has come down to the lowest level in the last 70 years.
Some people are apprehensive that China has become a ‘demographic time bomb’, which simply means that the number of workers is decreasing day by day and their large and retired families The responsibility of its members is increasing.
China is one of the largest economies in the world, so China will have an impact on the whole world.
Worried over the growing population of the elderly in China, the government stopped a child policy in 2015 and allowed the couple to have two children.
This increased the birth rate slightly, but in the long run, this plan could not be completely successful in stopping the growing elderly population.
Iran
It is estimated that by the end of the century the population of Iran will also be reduced considerably.
After the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979, there was an increase in the population, but Iran soon implemented a very effective population control policy.
Last month, the Iranian Ministry of Health warned that the annual population growth rate in Iran has fallen by less than one percent. According to the ministry, if no action is taken on this, Iran will become one of the oldest countries in the world in the next 30 years.
According to the report of the government news agency Irna, people in Iran are reducing the number of marriages and those who are married are also seeing a decrease in the birth of children. According to the news agency, people are doing this due to financial problems.
Last month, Iran decided to increase its population, that there would be no sterilization of men in government hospitals and medical centers, and that contraceptive drugs would be given only to women who needed to be taken for health reasons.
Brasil
Brazil has seen a significant reduction in fertility rates in the last 40 years. The fertility rate in Brazil in 1960 was 6.3, which has come down to only 1.7 in recent times.
According to the Lancet report, the population of Brazil was 21 crores in 2017, which will be reduced to 16 crores in 2100.
According to a 2012 study, in most TV serials, only small families were shown which affected the people and there was a decrease in the birth rate.
There is a steady decrease in birth rate in Brazil, but there is a growing problem among teenagers that is emerging as a new problem.
To overcome this, the government has started a campaign, which has the tagline, ‘adolescence first, pregnancy later’.
Brazilian woman, “Family and Human Rights Minister Damares Elves told the BBC earlier this year,” We must reduce the growing pregnancy among teenagers. We had the courage to say that we will talk about the late onset of physical relationships. “
India
India will become the country with the world’s largest population, beating China by the year 2100. However, Lancet researchers say that India’s population will decrease and by the end of this century, India’s population will be 10 billion.
According to the 2011 census, India has a population of 30 billion. The birth rate in India was 5.91 in 1960, which has now come down to 2.24.
Other countries are trying to increase their fertility rate, while the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi has appealed people to have small families here.
In a speech last year, Modi said, “The population explosion will create many problems for us in the future. But there is also a section which does not think before bringing the child to this world whether it should do justice to the child. Can, what he wants, he can give him something. “
Modi said that for this, there is a need to bring awareness in the society.
Nigeria
According to the Lancet report, by 2100, the population of African countries south of the Sahara Desert will have tripled to nearly three billion.
According to this report, by the end of this century, the population of Nigeria will be around 80 crores and due to the population it will become the second largest country in the world.
The report also says that by that time there will be a large number of workable people in Nigeria and their GDP will also increase a lot.
But due to increasing population, its burden is also being put on the country’s basic infrastructure and social fabric. Nigerian officials are now speaking openly that steps need to be taken to reduce the population.
In an interview to the BBC in 2018, Finance Minister Zainab Ahmed said that there is a need to discuss the birth rate of the country, which is one of the highest rates in the world.
Zainab said, “We have many families here who cannot even feed their children, you should not talk about good healthcare and better education. So we should talk about it.”
