Former Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, has been sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT), a decision that has sparked considerable controversy. The verdict raises questions about its legitimacy and potential political motivations, especially as Hasina is reportedly in India, placing New Delhi in a difficult position regarding extradition.
The ICT’s judgment stems from the 2024 student movement, which escalated from protests against job quotas into nationwide unrest, leading to casualties among civilians and security forces. The tribunal has deemed Hasina responsible for these deaths.
Key charges leveled against Hasina include ordering killings, inciting violence through speeches, obstructing justice, orchestrating the death of student Abu Sayeed, and involvement in the murder and burning of five individuals. She received the death penalty for the first two charges and life imprisonment for the third.
Hasina faces a 30-day appeal period, but the ruling prohibits her from appealing in absentia, requiring her physical presence in Bangladesh. She has already condemned the verdict as politically motivated and unfair, citing a lack of proper defense and the tribunal’s operation under an unelected government. She has indicated a preference for seeking recourse through the International Criminal Court.
Bangladesh’s interim government has officially requested Hasina’s extradition from India, invoking the bilateral extradition treaty. However, the treaty, particularly Article 6, allows for extradition to be refused if the offense is considered political. Hasina’s assertion that her case is politically motivated provides India with grounds to potentially deny the request.
The credibility of the ICT itself is under intense scrutiny. Established by Hasina’s previous government to try war criminals from the 1971 Liberation War, the tribunal’s mandate was expanded by the current interim government to include recent events. The appointment of judges and prosecutors by the interim administration has led to accusations of bias and the tribunal being a ‘kangaroo court.’ The deliberate scheduling of the verdict on Hasina’s anniversary has further fueled suspicions.
Protests have erupted across Bangladesh following the verdict, with supporters of Hasina taking to the streets, leading to clashes and raising fears of renewed instability. India’s response is crucial, as it must navigate international relations, treaty obligations, and the potential impact on regional peace and stability.