In a landmark decision, Pakistan’s legislative body has passed a constitutional amendment that bestows lifetime legal protection upon the army chief, while simultaneously augmenting their authority and narrowing the Supreme Court’s scope. This constitutional shift has ignited fierce opposition, with critics asserting that it erodes the foundations of democracy and judicial autonomy. The 27th Constitutional Amendment Bill secured overwhelming support in the National Assembly, with a supermajority of lawmakers voting in favor. Prior to this, the Senate had also passed the bill with unanimous backing, albeit amidst an opposition boycott. The bill now awaits finalization through presidential approval. Under the new legislation, the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) will officially assume the designation of Chief of Defence Forces (CDF). This elevates the army chief to the overarching command of the army, navy, and air force, consolidating control over the nation’s entire defense apparatus. This constitutional enshrinement grants the current army chief, General Asim Munir, unparalleled influence and authority. The amendment also enshrines honorary military ranks, such as Field Marshal, as lifetime appointments. Furthermore, a new Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) will be established to adjudicate constitutional disputes, thus reducing the caseload and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. The government will appoint the judges of this new court, which will function as a distinct judicial body. The role of the Chief Justice of Pakistan will be redefined, with the most senior judge of either the Supreme Court or the FCC holding the title. A significant clause bars the FCC from intervening in cases of high treason, a move seen by opponents as a shield for institutional impunity. While the government celebrates the bill’s passage as a sign of unity, opposition parties condemn it as a detrimental step for democratic governance and judicial independence.
