Women in Bihar are no longer passive observers but active participants and decisive players in the state’s electoral process. Their voter turnout consistently outpaces men’s, forcing political parties to tailor their strategies around this influential demographic. Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has prioritized women’s empowerment through various initiatives, including educational support for girls and the promotion of women’s self-help groups. Enhanced public safety under his administration has also played a vital role, allowing women greater freedom and confidence to engage in public life and exercise their right to vote.
The impact of male migration on Bihar’s electorate is significant. As many men leave the state for employment, their absence during election periods often makes women the principal decision-makers at the ballot box. The 2020 assembly elections served as a clear indicator of this trend, with women voters tipping the scales in favor of the NDA. While male voters leaned towards the opposition, a marginal but crucial lead among women, especially younger ones who benefited from government schemes, secured the NDA’s victory. The preferences of different caste and community groups among women further illustrate the complexity of this voting bloc.
In anticipation of the 2025 elections, the Bihar government has rolled out a significant direct benefit transfer scheme, providing Rs 10,000 to over 1.21 crore women. This financial injection, coupled with an offer of up to Rs 2 lakh for entrepreneurial activities, aims to capture the women’s vote. The timing of the disbursement, coinciding with the festive season, is strategic. However, the scheme has sparked debate, with some women expressing disappointment over their exclusion, potentially creating a division within the female electorate. The government’s decision to avoid recurring monthly stipends, unlike some other states, is seen as a fiscally prudent approach.
Surveys indicate a potential shift in voter allegiance towards the NDA among women, although traditional support for the opposition remains strong in certain segments. In response, the Mahagathbandhan has proposed a monthly allowance of Rs 2,500 for women, a strategy that has proven successful in other Indian states. For Bihar, where economic challenges are pronounced, such a financial guarantee could resonate deeply, offering a sense of independence and respect. Beyond financial incentives, women in Bihar are evaluating governance holistically, considering factors like security, education, and healthcare access. Therefore, the upcoming elections will likely be won by the party that best understands and addresses the multifaceted needs and aspirations of Bihar’s women.